Type: `nic`¶

Note

The nic device type is supported for both containers and VMs.

NICs support hotplugging for both containers and VMs (with the exception of the ipvlan NIC type).

Network devices, also referred to as Network Interface Controllers or NICs, supply a connection to a network. Incus supports several different types of network devices (NIC types).

Note

When using a USB network adapter with a VM, mainline QEMU will replace the leading two bytes of a MAC address with 40:. Those affected by this may want to manually set the hwaddr property to a MAC address starting with 40: to align the host and guest reporting of the MAC.

`nictype` vs. `network`¶

When adding a network device to an instance, there are two methods to specify the type of device that you want to add: through the nictype device option or the network device option.

These two device options are mutually exclusive, and you can specify only one of them when you create a device. However, note that when you specify the network option, the nictype option is derived automatically from the network type.

nictype

When using the nictype device option, you can specify a network interface that is not controlled by Incus. Therefore, you must specify all information that Incus needs to use the network interface.

When using this method, the nictype option must be specified when creating the device, and it cannot be changed later.

network

When using the network device option, the NIC is linked to an existing managed network. In this case, Incus has all required information about the network, and you need to specify only the network name when adding the device.

When using this method, Incus derives the nictype option automatically. The value is read-only and cannot be changed.

Other device options that are inherited from the network are marked with a “yes” in the “Managed” column of the NIC-specific tables of device options. You cannot customize these options directly for the NIC if you’re using the network method.

See About networking for more information.

Available NIC types¶

The following NICs can be added using the nictype or network options:

bridged: Uses an existing bridge on the host and creates a virtual device pair to connect the host bridge to the instance.
macvlan: Sets up a new network device based on an existing one, but using a different MAC address.
sriov: Passes a virtual function of an SR-IOV-enabled physical network device into the instance.
physical: Passes a physical device from the host through to the instance. The targeted device will vanish from the host and appear in the instance.

The following NICs can be added using only the network option:

ovn: Uses an existing OVN network and creates a virtual device pair to connect the instance to it.

The following NICs can be added using only the nictype option:

ipvlan: Sets up a new network device based on an existing one, using the same MAC address but a different IP.
p2p: Creates a virtual device pair, putting one side in the instance and leaving the other side on the host.
routed: Creates a virtual device pair to connect the host to the instance and sets up static routes and proxy ARP/NDP entries to allow the instance to join the network of a designated parent interface.

The available device options depend on the NIC type and are listed in the tables in the following sections.

`nictype`: `bridged`¶

Note

You can select this NIC type through the nictype option or the network option (see Bridge network for information about the managed bridge network).

A bridged NIC uses an existing bridge on the host and creates a virtual device pair to connect the host bridge to the instance.

Device options¶

NIC devices of type bridged have the following device options:

boot.priority

Boot priority for VMs (higher value boots first)

Key:	`boot.priority`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

host_name

The name of the interface on the host

Key:	`host_name`
Type:	string
Default:	randomly assigned
Managed:	no

hwaddr

The MAC address of the new interface

Key:	`hwaddr`
Type:	string
Default:	randomly assigned
Managed:	no

io.bus

Override the bus for the device (can be virtio or usb) (VM only)

Key:	`io.bus`
Type:	string
Default:	`virtio`
Managed:	no

ipv4.address

An IPv4 address to assign to the instance through DHCP (can be none to restrict all IPv4 traffic when security.ipv4_filtering is set)

Key:	`ipv4.address`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

ipv4.routes

Comma-delimited list of IPv4 static routes to add on host to NIC

Key:	`ipv4.routes`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

ipv4.routes.external

Comma-delimited list of IPv4 static routes to route to the NIC and publish on uplink network (BGP)

Key:	`ipv4.routes.external`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

ipv6.address

An IPv6 address to assign to the instance through DHCP (can be none to restrict all IPv6 traffic when security.ipv6_filtering is set)

Key:	`ipv6.address`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

ipv6.routes

Comma-delimited list of IPv6 static routes to add on host to NIC

Key:	`ipv6.routes`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

ipv6.routes.external

Comma-delimited list of IPv6 static routes to route to the NIC and publish on uplink network (BGP)

Key:	`ipv6.routes.external`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

limits.egress

I/O limit in bit/s for outgoing traffic (various suffixes supported, see {ref}instances-limit-units)

Key:	`limits.egress`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

limits.ingress

I/O limit in bit/s for incoming traffic (various suffixes supported, see {ref}instances-limit-units)

Key:	`limits.ingress`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

limits.max

I/O limit in bit/s for both incoming and outgoing traffic (same as setting both limits.ingress and limits.egress)

Key:	`limits.max`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

limits.priority

The priority for outgoing traffic, to be used by the kernel queuing discipline to prioritize network packets

Key:	`limits.priority`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

mtu

The Maximum Transmit Unit (MTU) of the new interface

Key:	`mtu`
Type:	integer
Default:	MTU of the parent device
Managed:	yes

name

The name of the interface inside the instance

Key:	`name`
Type:	string
Default:	kernel assigned
Managed:	no

network

The managed network to link the device to (instead of specifying the nictype directly)

Key:	`network`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

parent

The name of the parent host device (required if specifying the nictype directly)

Key:	`parent`
Type:	string
Managed:	yes

queue.tx.length

The transmit queue length for the NIC

Key:	`queue.tx.length`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

security.acls

Comma-separated list of network ACLs to apply

Key:	`security.acls`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

security.acls.default.egress.action

Action to use for egress traffic that doesn’t match any ACL rule

Key:	`security.acls.default.egress.action`
Type:	string
Default:	drop
Managed:	no

security.acls.default.egress.logged

Whether to log egress traffic that doesn’t match any ACL rule

Key:	`security.acls.default.egress.logged`
Type:	bool
Default:	false
Managed:	no

security.acls.default.ingress.action

Action to use for ingress traffic that doesn’t match any ACL rule

Key:	`security.acls.default.ingress.action`
Type:	string
Default:	drop
Managed:	no

security.acls.default.ingress.logged

Whether to log ingress traffic that doesn’t match any ACL rule

Key:	`security.acls.default.ingress.logged`
Type:	bool
Default:	false
Managed:	no

security.ipv4_filtering

Prevent the instance from spoofing another instance’s IPv4 address (enables security.mac_filtering)

Key:	`security.ipv4_filtering`
Type:	bool
Default:	false
Managed:	no

security.ipv6_filtering

Prevent the instance from spoofing another instance’s IPv6 address (enables security.mac_filtering)

Key:	`security.ipv6_filtering`
Type:	bool
Default:	false
Managed:	no

security.mac_filtering

Prevent the instance from spoofing another instance’s MAC address

Key:	`security.mac_filtering`
Type:	bool
Default:	false
Managed:	no

security.port_isolation

Prevent the NIC from communicating with other NICs in the network that have port isolation enabled

Key:	`security.port_isolation`
Type:	bool
Default:	false
Managed:	no

vlan

The VLAN ID to use for non-tagged traffic (can be none to remove port from default VLAN)

Key:	`vlan`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

vlan.tagged

Comma-delimited list of VLAN IDs or VLAN ranges to join for tagged traffic

Key:	`vlan.tagged`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

`nictype`: `macvlan`¶

Note

You can select this NIC type through the nictype option or the network option (see Macvlan network for information about the managed macvlan network).

A macvlan NIC sets up a new network device based on an existing one, but using a different MAC address.

If you are using a macvlan NIC, communication between the Incus host and the instances is not possible. Both the host and the instances can talk to the gateway, but they cannot communicate directly.

Device options¶

NIC devices of type macvlan have the following device options:

boot.priority

Boot priority for VMs (higher value boots first)

Key:	`boot.priority`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

gvrp

Key:	`gvrp`
Type:	bool
Default:	false
Managed:	no

hwaddr

The MAC address of the new interface

Key:	`hwaddr`
Type:	string
Default:	randomly assigned
Managed:	no

io.bus

Override the bus for the device (can be virtio or usb) (VM only)

Key:	`io.bus`
Type:	string
Default:	`virtio`
Managed:	no

mode

Macvlan mode (one of bridge, vepa, passthru or private)

Key:	`mode`
Type:	string
Default:	bridge
Managed:	no

mtu

The Maximum Transmit Unit (MTU) of the new interface

Key:	`mtu`
Type:	integer
Default:	MTU of the parent device
Managed:	yes

name

The name of the interface inside the instance

Key:	`name`
Type:	string
Default:	kernel assigned
Managed:	no

network

The managed network to link the device to (instead of specifying the nictype directly)

Key:	`network`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

parent

The name of the parent host device (required if specifying the nictype directly)

Key:	`parent`
Type:	string
Managed:	yes

vlan

The VLAN ID to attach to

Key:	`vlan`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

`nictype`: `sriov`¶

Note

You can select this NIC type through the nictype option or the network option (see SR-IOV network for information about the managed sriov network).

An sriov NIC passes a virtual function of an SR-IOV-enabled physical network device into the instance.

An SR-IOV-enabled network device associates a set of virtual functions (VFs) with the single physical function (PF) of the network device. PFs are standard PCIe functions. VFs, on the other hand, are very lightweight PCIe functions that are optimized for data movement. They come with a limited set of configuration capabilities to prevent changing properties of the PF.

Given that VFs appear as regular PCIe devices to the system, they can be passed to instances just like a regular physical device.

VF allocation

The sriov interface type expects to be passed the name of an SR-IOV enabled network device on the system via the parent property. Incus then checks for any available VFs on the system.

By default, Incus allocates the first free VF it finds. If it detects that either none are enabled or all currently enabled VFs are in use, it bumps the number of supported VFs to the maximum value and uses the first free VF. If all possible VFs are in use or the kernel or card doesn’t support incrementing the number of VFs, Incus returns an error.

Note

If you need Incus to use a specific VF, use a physical NIC instead of a sriov NIC and set its parent option to the VF name.

Device options¶

NIC devices of type sriov have the following device options:

boot.priority

Boot priority for VMs (higher value boots first)

Key:	`boot.priority`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

hwaddr

The MAC address of the new interface

Key:	`hwaddr`
Type:	string
Default:	randomly assigned
Managed:	no

mtu

The Maximum Transmit Unit (MTU) of the new interface

Key:	`mtu`
Type:	integer
Default:	kernel assigned
Managed:	yes

name

The name of the interface inside the instance

Key:	`name`
Type:	string
Default:	kernel assigned
Managed:	no

network

The managed network to link the device to (instead of specifying the nictype directly)

Key:	`network`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

parent

The name of the parent host device (required if specifying the nictype directly)

Key:	`parent`
Type:	string
Managed:	yes

security.mac_filtering

Prevent the instance from spoofing another instance’s MAC address

Key:	`security.mac_filtering`
Type:	bool
Default:	false
Managed:	no

vlan

The VLAN ID to attach to

Key:	`vlan`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

`nictype`: `ovn`¶

Note

You can select this NIC type only through the network option (see OVN network for information about the managed ovn network).

An ovn NIC uses an existing OVN network and creates a virtual device pair to connect the instance to it.

SR-IOV hardware acceleration

To use acceleration=sriov, you must have a compatible SR-IOV physical NIC that supports the Ethernet switch device driver model (switchdev) in your Incus host. Incus assumes that the physical NIC (PF) is configured in switchdev mode and connected to the OVN integration OVS bridge, and that it has one or more virtual functions (VFs) active.

To achieve this, follow these basic prerequisite setup steps:

Set up PF and VF:

Activate some VFs on PF (called enp9s0f0np0 in the following example, with a PCI address of 0000:09:00.0) and unbind them.
Enable switchdev mode and hw-tc-offload on the PF.
Rebind the VFs.

echo 4 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:09:00.0/sriov_numvfs
for i in $(lspci -nnn | grep "Virtual Function" | cut -d' ' -f1); do echo 0000:$i > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/mlx5_core/unbind; done
devlink dev eswitch set pci/0000:09:00.0 mode switchdev
ethtool -K enp9s0f0np0 hw-tc-offload on
for i in $(lspci -nnn | grep "Virtual Function" | cut -d' ' -f1); do echo 0000:$i > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/mlx5_core/bind; done

Set up OVS by enabling hardware offload and adding the PF NIC to the integration bridge (normally called br-int):

ovs-vsctl set open_vswitch . other_config:hw-offload=true
systemctl restart openvswitch-switch
ovs-vsctl add-port br-int enp9s0f0np0
ip link set enp9s0f0np0 up

VDPA hardware acceleration

To use acceleration=vdpa, you must have a compatible VDPA physical NIC. The setup is the same as for SR-IOV hardware acceleration, except that you must also enable the vhost_vdpa module and check that you have some available VDPA management devices :

modprobe vhost_vdpa && vdpa mgmtdev show

Device options¶

NIC devices of type ovn have the following device options:

acceleration

Enable hardware offloading (either none, sriov or vdpa)

Key:	`acceleration`
Type:	string
Default:	none
Managed:	no

boot.priority

Boot priority for VMs (higher value boots first)

Key:	`boot.priority`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

host_name

The name of the interface inside the host

Key:	`host_name`
Type:	string
Default:	randomly assigned
Managed:	no

hwaddr

The MAC address of the new interface

Key:	`hwaddr`
Type:	string
Default:	randomly assigned
Managed:	no

ipv4.address

An IPv4 address to assign to the instance through DHCP, none can be used to disable IP allocation

Key:	`ipv4.address`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

ipv4.routes

Comma-delimited list of IPv4 static routes to route to the NIC

Key:	`ipv4.routes`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

ipv4.routes.external

Comma-delimited list of IPv4 static routes to route to the NIC and publish on uplink network

Key:	`ipv4.routes.external`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

ipv6.address

An IPv6 address to assign to the instance through DHCP, none can be used to disable IP allocation

Key:	`ipv6.address`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

ipv6.routes

Comma-delimited list of IPv6 static routes to route to the NIC

Key:	`ipv6.routes`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

ipv6.routes.external

Comma-delimited list of IPv6 static routes to route to the NIC and publish on uplink network

Key:	`ipv6.routes.external`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

mtu

The Maximum Transmit Unit (MTU) of the new interface

Key:	`mtu`
Type:	integer
Default:	MTU of the parent network
Managed:	yes

name

The name of the interface inside the instance

Key:	`name`
Type:	string
Default:	kernel assigned
Managed:	no

nested

The parent NIC name to nest this NIC under (see also vlan)

Key:	`nested`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

network

The managed network to link the device to (required)

Key:	`network`
Type:	string
Managed:	yes

security.acls

Comma-separated list of network ACLs to apply

Key:	`security.acls`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

security.acls.default.egress.action

Action to use for egress traffic that doesn’t match any ACL rule

Key:	`security.acls.default.egress.action`
Type:	string
Default:	reject
Managed:	no

security.acls.default.egress.logged

Whether to log egress traffic that doesn’t match any ACL rule

Key:	`security.acls.default.egress.logged`
Type:	bool
Default:	false
Managed:	no

security.acls.default.ingress.action

Action to use for ingress traffic that doesn’t match any ACL rule

Key:	`security.acls.default.ingress.action`
Type:	string
Default:	reject
Managed:	no

security.acls.default.ingress.logged

Whether to log ingress traffic that doesn’t match any ACL rule

Key:	`security.acls.default.ingress.logged`
Type:	bool
Default:	false
Managed:	no

security.promiscuous

Have OVN send unknown network traffic to this network interface (required for some nesting cases)

Key:	`security.promiscuous`
Type:	bool
Default:	false
Managed:	no

vlan

The VLAN ID to use when nesting (see also nested)

Key:	`vlan`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

Note

Note that using none with either ipv4.address or ipv6.address needs the other protocol to also be disabled. There is currently no way for OVN to disable IP allocation just on IPv4 or IPv6.

`nictype`: `physical`¶

Note

You can select this NIC type through the nictype option or the network option (see Physical network for information about the managed physical network).
You can have only one physical NIC for each parent device.

A physical NIC provides straight physical device pass-through from the host. The targeted device will vanish from the host and appear in the instance (which means that you can have only one physical NIC for each targeted device).

Device options¶

NIC devices of type physical have the following device options:

boot.priority

Boot priority for VMs (higher value boots first)

Key:	`boot.priority`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

gvrp

Key:	`gvrp`
Type:	bool
Default:	false
Managed:	no

hwaddr

The MAC address of the new interface

Key:	`hwaddr`
Type:	string
Default:	randomly assigned
Managed:	no

mtu

The Maximum Transmit Unit (MTU) of the new interface

Key:	`mtu`
Type:	integer
Default:	MTU of the parent device
Managed:	no

name

The name of the interface inside the instance

Key:	`name`
Type:	string
Default:	kernel assigned
Managed:	no

network

The managed network to link the device to (instead of specifying the nictype directly)

Key:	`network`
Type:	string
Managed:	no

parent

The name of the parent host device (required if specifying the nictype directly)

Key:	`parent`
Type:	string
Managed:	yes

vlan

The VLAN ID to attach to

Key:	`vlan`
Type:	integer
Managed:	no

`nictype`: `ipvlan`¶

Note

This NIC type is available only for containers, not for virtual machines.
You can select this NIC type only through the nictype option.
This NIC type does not support hotplugging.

An ipvlan NIC sets up a new network device based on an existing one, using the same MAC address but a different IP.

If you are using an ipvlan NIC, communication between the Incus host and the instances is not possible. Both the host and the instances can talk to the gateway, but they cannot communicate directly.

Incus currently supports IPVLAN in L2 and L3S mode. In this mode, the gateway is automatically set by Incus, but the IP addresses must be manually specified using the ipv4.address and/or ipv6.address options before the container is started.

DNS

The name servers must be configured inside the container, because they are not set automatically. To do this, set the following sysctls:

When using IPv4 addresses:
```
net.ipv4.conf.<parent>.forwarding=1
```

When using IPv6 addresses:

net.ipv6.conf.<parent>.forwarding=1
net.ipv6.conf.<parent>.proxy_ndp=1

Device options¶

NIC devices of type ipvlan have the following device options:

gvrp

Key:	`gvrp`
Type:	bool
Default:	false

hwaddr

The MAC address of the new interface

Key:	`hwaddr`
Type:	string
Default:	randomly assigned

ipv4.address

Comma-delimited list of IPv4 static addresses to add to the instance (in l2 mode, these can be specified as CIDR values or singular addresses using a subnet of /24)

Key:	`ipv4.address`
Type:	string

ipv4.gateway

In l3s mode, whether to add an automatic default IPv4 gateway (can be auto or none). In l2 mode, the IPv4 address of the gateway

Key:	`ipv4.gateway`
Type:	string
Default:	`auto` (in `l3s` mode), `-` (in `l2` mode)

ipv4.host_table

The custom policy routing table ID to add IPv4 static routes to (in addition to the main routing table)

Key:	`ipv4.host_table`
Type:	integer

ipv6.address

Comma-delimited list of IPv6 static addresses to add to the instance (in l2 mode, these can be specified as CIDR values or singular addresses using a subnet of /64)

Key:	`ipv6.address`
Type:	string

ipv6.gateway

In l3s mode, whether to add an automatic default IPv6 gateway (can be auto or none). In l2 mode, the IPv6 address of the gateway

Key:	`ipv6.gateway`
Type:	string
Default:	`auto` (in `l3s` mode), `-` (in `l2` mode)

ipv6.host_table

The custom policy routing table ID to add IPv6 static routes to (in addition to the main routing table)

Key:	`ipv6.host_table`
Type:	integer

mode

The IPVLAN mode (either l2 or l3s)

Key:	`mode`
Type:	string
Default:	`l3s`

mtu

The Maximum Transmit Unit (MTU) of the new interface

Key:	`mtu`
Type:	integer
Default:	MTU of the parent device

name

The name of the interface inside the instance

Key:	`name`
Type:	string
Default:	kernel assigned

parent

The name of the host device (required)

Key:	`parent`
Type:	string

vlan

The VLAN ID to attach to

Key:	`vlan`
Type:	integer

`nictype`: `p2p`¶

Note

You can select this NIC type only through the nictype option.

A p2p NIC creates a virtual device pair, putting one side in the instance and leaving the other side on the host.

Device options¶

NIC devices of type p2p have the following device options:

boot.priotiry

Boot priority for VMs (higher value boots first)

Key:	`boot.priotiry`
Type:	integer

host_name

The name of the interface on the host

Key:	`host_name`
Type:	string
Default:	randomly assigned

hwaddr

The MAC address of the new interface

Key:	`hwaddr`
Type:	string
Default:	randomly assigned

io.bus

Override the bus for the device (can be virtio or usb) (VM only)

Key:	`io.bus`
Type:	string
Default:	`virtio`

ipv4.routes

Comma-delimited list of IPv4 static routes to add on host to NIC

Key:	`ipv4.routes`
Type:	string

ipv6.routes

Comma-delimited list of IPv6 static routes to add on host to NIC

Key:	`ipv6.routes`
Type:	string

limits.egress

I/O limit in bit/s for outgoing traffic (various suffixes supported, see {ref}instances-limit-units)

Key:	`limits.egress`
Type:	string

limits.ingress

I/O limit in bit/s for incoming traffic (various suffixes supported, see {ref}instances-limit-units)

Key:	`limits.ingress`
Type:	string

limits.max

I/O limit in bit/s for both incoming and outgoing traffic (same as setting both limits.ingress and limits.egress)

Key:	`limits.max`
Type:	string

limits.priority

The priority for outgoing traffic, to be used by the kernel queuing discipline to prioritize network packets

Key:	`limits.priority`
Type:	integer

mtu

The Maximum Transmit Unit (MTU) of the new interface

Key:	`mtu`
Type:	integer
Default:	kernel assigned

name

The name of the interface inside the instance

Key:	`name`
Type:	string
Default:	kernel assigned

queue.tx.length

The transmit queue length for the NIC

Key:	`queue.tx.length`
Type:	integer

`nictype`: `routed`¶

Note

You can select this NIC type only through the nictype option.

A routed NIC creates a virtual device pair to connect the host to the instance and sets up static routes and proxy ARP/NDP entries to allow the instance to join the network of a designated parent interface. For containers it uses a virtual Ethernet device pair, and for VMs it uses a TAP device.

This NIC type is similar in operation to ipvlan, in that it allows an instance to join an external network without needing to configure a bridge and shares the host’s MAC address. However, it differs from ipvlan because it does not need IPVLAN support in the kernel, and the host and the instance can communicate with each other.

This NIC type respects netfilter rules on the host and uses the host’s routing table to route packets, which can be useful if the host is connected to multiple networks.

IP addresses, gateways and routes

You must manually specify the IP addresses (using ipv4.address and/or ipv6.address) before the instance is started.

For containers, the NIC configures the following link-local gateway IPs on the host end and sets them as the default gateways in the container’s NIC interface:

169.254.0.1
fe80::1

For VMs, the gateways must be configured manually or via a mechanism like cloud-init (see the how to guide).

Note

If your container image is configured to perform DHCP on the interface, it will likely remove the automatically added configuration. In this case, you must configure the IP addresses and gateways manually or via a mechanism like cloud-init.

The NIC type configures static routes on the host pointing to the instance’s veth interface for all of the instance’s IPs.

Multiple IP addresses

Each NIC device can have multiple IP addresses added to it.

However, it might be preferable to use multiple routed NIC interfaces instead. In this case, set the ipv4.gateway and ipv6.gateway values to none on any subsequent interfaces to avoid default gateway conflicts. Also consider specifying a different host-side address for these subsequent interfaces using ipv4.host_address and/or ipv6.host_address.

Parent interface

This NIC can operate with and without a parent network interface set.

With the parent network interface set, proxy ARP/NDP entries of the instance’s IPs are added to the parent interface, which allows the instance to join the parent interface’s network at layer 2.

To enable this, the following network configuration must be applied on the host via sysctl:

When using IPv4 addresses:
```
net.ipv4.conf.<parent>.forwarding=1
```

When using IPv6 addresses:

net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1
net.ipv6.conf.<parent>.forwarding=1
net.ipv6.conf.all.proxy_ndp=1
net.ipv6.conf.<parent>.proxy_ndp=1

Device options¶

NIC devices of type routed have the following device options:

gvrp

Key:	`gvrp`
Type:	bool
Default:	false

host_name

The name of the interface on the host

Key:	`host_name`
Type:	string
Default:	randomly assigned

hwaddr

The MAC address of the new interface

Key:	`hwaddr`
Type:	string
Default:	randomly assigned

io.bus

Override the bus for the device (can be virtio or usb) (VM only)

Key:	`io.bus`
Type:	string
Default:	`virtio`

ipv4.address

Comma-delimited list of IPv4 static addresses to add to the instance

Key:	`ipv4.address`
Type:	string

ipv4.gateway

Whether to add an automatic default IPv4 gateway (can be auto or none)

Key:	`ipv4.gateway`
Type:	string
Default:	auto

ipv4.host_address

The IPv4 address to add to the host-side veth interface

Key:	`ipv4.host_address`
Type:	string
Default:	`169.254.0.1`

ipv4.host_table

The custom policy routing table ID to add IPv4 static routes to (in addition to the main routing table)

Key:	`ipv4.host_table`
Type:	integer

ipv4.neighbor_probe

Whether to probe the parent network for IP address availability

Key:	`ipv4.neighbor_probe`
Type:	bool
Default:	true

ipv4.routes

Comma-delimited list of IPv4 static routes to add on host to NIC (without L2 ARP/NDP proxy)

Key:	`ipv4.routes`
Type:	string

ipv6.address

Comma-delimited list of IPv6 static addresses to add to the instance

Key:	`ipv6.address`
Type:	string

ipv6.gateway

Whether to add an automatic default IPv6 gateway (can be auto or none)

Key:	`ipv6.gateway`
Type:	string
Default:	auto

ipv6.host_address

The IPv6 address to add to the host-side veth interface

Key:	`ipv6.host_address`
Type:	string
Default:	`fe80::1`

ipv6.host_table

The custom policy routing table ID to add IPv6 static routes to (in addition to the main routing table)

Key:	`ipv6.host_table`
Type:	integer

ipv6.neighbor_probe

Whether to probe the parent network for IP address availability

Key:	`ipv6.neighbor_probe`
Type:	bool
Default:	true

ipv6.routes

Comma-delimited list of IPv6 static routes to add on host to NIC (without L2 ARP/NDP proxy)

Key:	`ipv6.routes`
Type:	string

limits.egress

I/O limit in bit/s for outgoing traffic (various suffixes supported, see {ref}instances-limit-units)

Key:	`limits.egress`
Type:	string

limits.ingress

I/O limit in bit/s for incoming traffic (various suffixes supported, see {ref}instances-limit-units)

Key:	`limits.ingress`
Type:	string

limits.max

I/O limit in bit/s for both incoming and outgoing traffic (same as setting both limits.ingress and limits.egress)

Key:	`limits.max`
Type:	string

limits.priority

The priority for outgoing traffic, to be used by the kernel queuing discipline to prioritize network packets

Key:	`limits.priority`
Type:	integer

mtu

The Maximum Transmit Unit (MTU) of the new interface

Key:	`mtu`
Type:	integer
Default:	parent MTU

name

The name of the interface inside the instance

Key:	`name`
Type:	string
Default:	kernel assigned

parent

The name of the parent host device to join the instance to

Key:	`parent`
Type:	string

queue.tx.length

The transmit queue length for the NIC

Key:	`queue.tx.length`
Type:	integer

vlan

The VLAN ID to attach to

Key:	`vlan`
Type:	integer

vrf

The VRF on the host in which the host-side interface and routes are created

Key:	`vrf`
Type:	string

`bridged`, `macvlan` or `ipvlan` for connection to physical network¶

The bridged, macvlan and ipvlan interface types can be used to connect to an existing physical network.

macvlan effectively lets you fork your physical NIC, getting a second interface that is then used by the instance. This method saves you from creating a bridge device and virtual Ethernet device pairs and usually offers better performance than a bridge.

The downside to this method is that macvlan devices, while able to communicate between themselves and to the outside, cannot talk to their parent device. This means that you can’t use macvlan if you ever need your instances to talk to the host itself.

In such case, a bridge device is preferable. A bridge also lets you use MAC filtering and I/O limits, which cannot be applied to a macvlan device.

ipvlan is similar to macvlan, with the difference being that the forked device has IPs statically assigned to it and inherits the parent’s MAC address on the network.

Type: nic¶

nictype vs. network¶

Available NIC types¶

nictype: bridged¶

Device options¶

nictype: macvlan¶

Device options¶

nictype: sriov¶

Device options¶

nictype: ovn¶

Device options¶

nictype: physical¶

Device options¶

nictype: ipvlan¶

Device options¶

nictype: p2p¶

Device options¶

nictype: routed¶

Device options¶

bridged, macvlan or ipvlan for connection to physical network¶

Type: `nic`¶

`nictype` vs. `network`¶

`nictype`: `bridged`¶

`nictype`: `macvlan`¶

`nictype`: `sriov`¶

`nictype`: `ovn`¶

`nictype`: `physical`¶

`nictype`: `ipvlan`¶

`nictype`: `p2p`¶

`nictype`: `routed`¶

`bridged`, `macvlan` or `ipvlan` for connection to physical network¶